Prevent duplicate backlink outreach leads

backend/models/backlink_outreach_models.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """DB models for production backlink outreach tracking."""
 
 from datetime import datetime
-from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, Float, DateTime, Text, ForeignKey, Index, Boolean, Date
+from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, Float, DateTime, Text, ForeignKey, Index, Boolean, Date, and_
 from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
 
 Base = declarative_base()
@@ -128,6 +128,21 @@ class SendCounterDomain(Base):
 
 
 Index("idx_backlink_campaign_user_date", BacklinkCampaign.user_id, BacklinkCampaign.created_at)
+Index(
+    "idx_backlink_lead_campaign_url_unique",
+    BacklinkLead.campaign_id,
+    BacklinkLead.url,
+    unique=True,
+    sqlite_where=and_(BacklinkLead.url.isnot(None), BacklinkLead.url != ""),
+)
+Index(
+    "idx_backlink_lead_campaign_domain_email_unique",
+    BacklinkLead.campaign_id,
+    BacklinkLead.domain,
+    BacklinkLead.email,
+    unique=True,
+    sqlite_where=and_(BacklinkLead.email.isnot(None), BacklinkLead.email != ""),
+)
 Index("idx_backlink_attempt_campaign_date", OutreachAttempt.campaign_id, OutreachAttempt.created_at)
 Index("idx_backlink_suppressed_email", SuppressedRecipient.email, SuppressedRecipient.user_id)
 Index("idx_backlink_counter_user_date", SendCounterUser.user_id, SendCounterUser.date, unique=True)

backend/routers/backlink_outreach.py

@@ -91,10 +91,11 @@ async def discover_deep_backlink_opportunities(
     if payload.campaign_id:
         storage = BacklinkOutreachStorageService()
         saved = 0
+        duplicates_skipped = 0
         save_failed = 0
         for opp in result.get("opportunities", []):
             try:
-                storage.add_lead(
+                lead = storage.add_lead(
                     campaign_id=payload.campaign_id,
                     user_id=user_id,
                     url=opp["url"],
@@ -105,10 +106,14 @@ async def discover_deep_backlink_opportunities(
                     confidence_score=opp.get("confidence_score", 0.0),
                     discovery_source=opp.get("discovery_source", "duckduckgo"),
                 )
+                if lead.get("duplicate") or lead.get("skipped"):
+                    duplicates_skipped += 1
+                else:
                     saved += 1
             except Exception:
                 save_failed += 1
         result["saved_to_campaign"] = saved
+        result["duplicates_skipped"] = duplicates_skipped
         result["save_failed"] = save_failed
     return result
 

backend/services/backlink_outreach_storage.py

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from datetime import datetime, date
 from uuid import uuid4
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
-from sqlalchemy import text as sql_text, func as sa_func
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+from sqlalchemy import text as sql_text, func as sa_func, or_
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 
 from services.database import get_session_for_user
 from models.backlink_outreach_models import (
@@ -21,6 +23,59 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
         "url", "page_title", "snippet", "confidence_score", "discovery_source", "notes"
     ]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalize_email(email: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        normalized = (email or "").strip().lower()
+        return normalized or None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalize_domain(domain: Optional[str]) -> str:
+        value = (domain or "").strip().lower()
+        if not value:
+            return ""
+        if "://" not in value:
+            value = f"//{value}"
+        parsed = urlsplit(value)
+        hostname = (parsed.hostname or value).strip().lower().rstrip(".")
+        return hostname[4:] if hostname.startswith("www.") else hostname
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_url(cls, url: Optional[str]) -> str:
+        value = (url or "").strip()
+        if not value:
+            return ""
+        parse_value = value if "://" in value else f"https://{value}"
+        parsed = urlsplit(parse_value)
+        scheme = (parsed.scheme or "https").lower()
+        hostname = (parsed.hostname or "").lower().rstrip(".")
+        if hostname.startswith("www."):
+            hostname = hostname[4:]
+        if not hostname:
+            return value.rstrip("/")
+        try:
+            port = parsed.port
+        except ValueError:
+            port = None
+        netloc = hostname
+        if port and not ((scheme == "http" and port == 80) or (scheme == "https" and port == 443)):
+            netloc = f"{hostname}:{port}"
+        path = parsed.path or ""
+        if path != "/":
+            path = path.rstrip("/")
+        query = parsed.query
+        return urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_lead_identity(
+        cls, url: Optional[str], domain: Optional[str], email: Optional[str]
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str, Optional[str]]:
+        normalized_url = cls._normalize_url(url)
+        normalized_domain = cls._normalize_domain(domain)
+        if not normalized_domain and normalized_url:
+            normalized_domain = cls._normalize_domain(normalized_url)
+        normalized_email = cls._normalize_email(email)
+        return normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email
+
     def _ensure_tables(self, user_id: str) -> None:
         db = get_session_for_user(user_id)
         if not db:
@@ -28,6 +83,7 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
         try:
             Base.metadata.create_all(bind=db.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
             self._migrate_lead_columns(db)
+            self._migrate_lead_uniqueness_indexes(db)
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -49,6 +105,29 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
         except Exception:
             db.rollback()
 
+    def _migrate_lead_uniqueness_indexes(self, db) -> None:
+        """Create normalized lead uniqueness indexes when existing data allows it."""
+        index_statements = (
+            """
+            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_backlink_lead_campaign_url_unique
+            ON backlink_leads (campaign_id, url)
+            WHERE url IS NOT NULL AND url != ''
+            """,
+            """
+            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_backlink_lead_campaign_domain_email_unique
+            ON backlink_leads (campaign_id, domain, email)
+            WHERE email IS NOT NULL AND email != ''
+            """,
+        )
+        for statement in index_statements:
+            try:
+                db.execute(sql_text(statement))
+                db.commit()
+            except Exception:
+                # Existing duplicate historical data should not block app startup;
+                # service-level duplicate checks still prevent new duplicates.
+                db.rollback()
+
     def create_campaign(self, user_id: str, workspace_id: str, name: str) -> dict:
         self._ensure_tables(user_id)
         db = get_session_for_user(user_id)
@@ -120,6 +199,43 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
 
     # -- Lead CRUD --
 
+    def _find_existing_lead(self, db, campaign_id: str, url: str, domain: str, email: Optional[str]):
+        duplicate_filters = []
+        if url:
+            duplicate_filters.append(BacklinkLead.url == url)
+        if domain and email:
+            duplicate_filters.append((BacklinkLead.domain == domain) & (BacklinkLead.email == email))
+        if not duplicate_filters:
+            return None
+
+        existing = (
+            db.query(BacklinkLead)
+            .filter(BacklinkLead.campaign_id == campaign_id)
+            .filter(or_(*duplicate_filters))
+            .order_by(BacklinkLead.created_at.asc())
+            .first()
+        )
+        if existing:
+            return existing
+
+        # Historical leads may have been stored before normalization. Normalize
+        # candidates in Python so those records are also treated as duplicates.
+        candidates = (
+            db.query(BacklinkLead)
+            .filter(BacklinkLead.campaign_id == campaign_id)
+            .order_by(BacklinkLead.created_at.asc())
+            .all()
+        )
+        for candidate in candidates:
+            candidate_url, candidate_domain, candidate_email = self._normalize_lead_identity(
+                candidate.url, candidate.domain, candidate.email
+            )
+            if url and candidate_url == url:
+                return candidate
+            if domain and email and candidate_domain == domain and candidate_email == email:
+                return candidate
+        return None
+
     def add_lead(
         self,
         campaign_id: str,
@@ -138,14 +254,22 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
         if not db:
             raise RuntimeError("Database session unavailable")
         try:
+            normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email = self._normalize_lead_identity(url, domain, email)
+            existing = self._find_existing_lead(db, campaign_id, normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email)
+            if existing:
+                result = self._lead_to_dict(existing)
+                result["duplicate"] = True
+                result["skipped"] = True
+                return result
+
             lead = BacklinkLead(
                 id=f"bl_{uuid4().hex[:16]}",
                 campaign_id=campaign_id,
-                url=url,
+                url=normalized_url,
-                domain=domain,
+                domain=normalized_domain,
                 page_title=page_title,
                 snippet=snippet,
-                email=email,
+                email=normalized_email,
                 confidence_score=confidence_score,
                 discovery_source=discovery_source,
                 status="discovered",
@@ -153,8 +277,21 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
                 created_at=datetime.utcnow(),
             )
             db.add(lead)
+            try:
                 db.commit()
-            return self._lead_to_dict(lead)
+            except IntegrityError:
+                db.rollback()
+                existing = self._find_existing_lead(db, campaign_id, normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email)
+                if existing:
+                    result = self._lead_to_dict(existing)
+                    result["duplicate"] = True
+                    result["skipped"] = True
+                    return result
+                raise
+            result = self._lead_to_dict(lead)
+            result["duplicate"] = False
+            result["skipped"] = False
+            return result
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -164,16 +301,27 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
         if not db:
             raise RuntimeError("Database session unavailable")
         try:
-            added = []
+            results = []
             for data in leads_data:
+                normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email = self._normalize_lead_identity(
+                    data.get("url"), data.get("domain"), data.get("email")
+                )
+                existing = self._find_existing_lead(db, campaign_id, normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email)
+                if existing:
+                    result = self._lead_to_dict(existing)
+                    result["duplicate"] = True
+                    result["skipped"] = True
+                    results.append(result)
+                    continue
+
                 lead = BacklinkLead(
                     id=f"bl_{uuid4().hex[:16]}",
                     campaign_id=campaign_id,
-                    url=data.get("url", ""),
+                    url=normalized_url,
-                    domain=data.get("domain", ""),
+                    domain=normalized_domain,
                     page_title=data.get("page_title", ""),
                     snippet=data.get("snippet", ""),
-                    email=data.get("email"),
+                    email=normalized_email,
                     confidence_score=data.get("confidence_score", 0.0),
                     discovery_source=data.get("discovery_source", "duckduckgo"),
                     status="discovered",
@@ -181,9 +329,23 @@ class BacklinkOutreachStorageService:
                     created_at=datetime.utcnow(),
                 )
                 db.add(lead)
-                added.append(lead)
+                try:
                     db.commit()
-            return [self._lead_to_dict(l) for l in added]
+                except IntegrityError:
+                    db.rollback()
+                    existing = self._find_existing_lead(db, campaign_id, normalized_url, normalized_domain, normalized_email)
+                    if existing:
+                        result = self._lead_to_dict(existing)
+                        result["duplicate"] = True
+                        result["skipped"] = True
+                        results.append(result)
+                        continue
+                    raise
+                result = self._lead_to_dict(lead)
+                result["duplicate"] = False
+                result["skipped"] = False
+                results.append(result)
+            return results
         finally:
             db.close()