703 lines
29 KiB
Python
703 lines
29 KiB
Python
"""
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Hallucination Detector Service
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This service implements fact-checking functionality using Exa.ai API
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to detect and verify claims in AI-generated content, similar to the
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Exa.ai demo implementation.
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"""
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import json
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import logging
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from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from datetime import datetime
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import requests
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import os
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import asyncio
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import concurrent.futures
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try:
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from google import genai
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GOOGLE_GENAI_AVAILABLE = True
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except Exception:
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GOOGLE_GENAI_AVAILABLE = False
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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@dataclass
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class Claim:
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"""Represents a single verifiable claim extracted from text."""
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text: str
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confidence: float
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assessment: str # "supported", "refuted", "insufficient_information"
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supporting_sources: List[Dict[str, Any]]
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refuting_sources: List[Dict[str, Any]]
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reasoning: str = ""
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@dataclass
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class HallucinationResult:
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"""Result of hallucination detection analysis."""
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claims: List[Claim]
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overall_confidence: float
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total_claims: int
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supported_claims: int
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refuted_claims: int
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insufficient_claims: int
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timestamp: str
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class HallucinationDetector:
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"""
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Hallucination detector using Exa.ai for fact-checking.
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Implements the three-step process from Exa.ai demo:
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1. Extract verifiable claims from text
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2. Search for evidence using Exa.ai
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3. Verify claims against sources
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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self.exa_api_key = os.getenv('EXA_API_KEY')
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self.gemini_api_key = os.getenv('GEMINI_API_KEY')
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if not self.exa_api_key:
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logger.warning("EXA_API_KEY not found. Hallucination detection will be limited.")
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if not self.gemini_api_key:
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logger.warning("GEMINI_API_KEY not found. Falling back to heuristic claim extraction.")
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# Initialize Gemini client for claim extraction and assessment
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self.gemini_client = genai.Client(api_key=self.gemini_api_key) if (GOOGLE_GENAI_AVAILABLE and self.gemini_api_key) else None
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# Rate limiting to prevent API abuse
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self.daily_api_calls = 0
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self.daily_limit = 20 # Max 20 API calls per day for fact checking
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self.last_reset_date = None
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def _check_rate_limit(self) -> bool:
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"""Check if we're within daily API usage limits."""
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from datetime import date
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today = date.today()
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# Reset counter if it's a new day
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if self.last_reset_date != today:
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self.daily_api_calls = 0
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self.last_reset_date = today
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# Check if we've exceeded the limit
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if self.daily_api_calls >= self.daily_limit:
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logger.warning(f"Daily API limit reached ({self.daily_limit} calls). Fact checking disabled for today.")
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return False
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# Increment counter for this API call
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self.daily_api_calls += 1
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logger.info(f"Fact check API call #{self.daily_api_calls}/{self.daily_limit} today")
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return True
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async def detect_hallucinations(self, text: str) -> HallucinationResult:
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"""
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Main method to detect hallucinations in the given text.
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Args:
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text: The text to analyze for factual accuracy
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Returns:
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HallucinationResult with claims analysis and confidence scores
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"""
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try:
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logger.info(f"Starting hallucination detection for text of length: {len(text)}")
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logger.info(f"Text sample: {text[:200]}...")
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# Check rate limits first
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if not self._check_rate_limit():
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return HallucinationResult(
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claims=[],
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overall_confidence=0.0,
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total_claims=0,
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supported_claims=0,
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refuted_claims=0,
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insufficient_claims=0,
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timestamp=datetime.now().isoformat()
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)
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# Validate required API keys
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if not self.gemini_api_key:
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raise Exception("GEMINI_API_KEY not configured. Cannot perform hallucination detection.")
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if not self.exa_api_key:
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raise Exception("EXA_API_KEY not configured. Cannot search for evidence.")
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# Step 1: Extract claims from text
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claims_texts = await self._extract_claims(text)
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logger.info(f"Extracted {len(claims_texts)} claims from text: {claims_texts}")
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if not claims_texts:
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logger.warning("No verifiable claims found in text")
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return HallucinationResult(
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claims=[],
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overall_confidence=0.0,
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total_claims=0,
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supported_claims=0,
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refuted_claims=0,
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insufficient_claims=0,
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timestamp=datetime.now().isoformat()
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)
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# Step 2 & 3: Verify claims in batch to reduce API calls
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verified_claims = await self._verify_claims_batch(claims_texts)
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# Calculate overall metrics
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total_claims = len(verified_claims)
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supported_claims = sum(1 for c in verified_claims if c.assessment == "supported")
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refuted_claims = sum(1 for c in verified_claims if c.assessment == "refuted")
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insufficient_claims = sum(1 for c in verified_claims if c.assessment == "insufficient_information")
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# Calculate overall confidence (weighted average)
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if total_claims > 0:
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overall_confidence = sum(c.confidence for c in verified_claims) / total_claims
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else:
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overall_confidence = 0.0
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result = HallucinationResult(
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claims=verified_claims,
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overall_confidence=overall_confidence,
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total_claims=total_claims,
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supported_claims=supported_claims,
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refuted_claims=refuted_claims,
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insufficient_claims=insufficient_claims,
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timestamp=datetime.now().isoformat()
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)
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logger.info(f"Hallucination detection completed. Overall confidence: {overall_confidence:.2f}")
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return result
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Error in hallucination detection: {str(e)}")
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raise Exception(f"Hallucination detection failed: {str(e)}")
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async def _extract_claims(self, text: str) -> List[str]:
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"""
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Extract verifiable claims from text using LLM.
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Args:
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text: Input text to extract claims from
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Returns:
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List of claim strings
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"""
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if not self.gemini_client:
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raise Exception("Gemini client not available. Cannot extract claims without AI provider.")
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try:
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prompt = (
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"Extract verifiable factual claims from the following text. "
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"A verifiable claim is a statement that can be checked against external sources for accuracy.\n\n"
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"Return ONLY a valid JSON array of strings, where each string is a single verifiable claim.\n\n"
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"Examples of GOOD verifiable claims:\n"
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"- \"The company was founded in 2020\"\n"
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"- \"Sales increased by 25% last quarter\"\n"
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"- \"The product has 10,000 users\"\n"
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"- \"The market size is $50 billion\"\n"
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"- \"The software supports 15 languages\"\n"
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"- \"The company has offices in 5 countries\"\n\n"
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"Examples of BAD claims (opinions, subjective statements):\n"
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"- \"This is the best product\"\n"
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"- \"Customers love our service\"\n"
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"- \"We are innovative\"\n"
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"- \"The future looks bright\"\n\n"
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"IMPORTANT: Extract at least 2-3 verifiable claims if possible. "
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"Look for specific facts, numbers, dates, locations, and measurable statements.\n\n"
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f"Text to analyze: {text}\n\n"
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"Return only the JSON array of verifiable claims:"
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)
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
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resp = await loop.run_in_executor(executor, lambda: self.gemini_client.models.generate_content(
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model="gemini-1.5-flash",
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contents=prompt
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))
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if not resp or not resp.text:
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raise Exception("Empty response from Gemini API")
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claims_text = resp.text.strip()
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logger.info(f"Raw Gemini response for claims: {claims_text[:200]}...")
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# Try to extract JSON from the response
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try:
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claims = json.loads(claims_text)
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except json.JSONDecodeError:
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# Try to find JSON array in the response (handle markdown code blocks)
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import re
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# First try to extract from markdown code blocks
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code_block_match = re.search(r'```(?:json)?\s*(\[.*?\])\s*```', claims_text, re.DOTALL)
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if code_block_match:
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claims = json.loads(code_block_match.group(1))
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else:
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# Try to find JSON array directly
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json_match = re.search(r'\[.*?\]', claims_text, re.DOTALL)
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if json_match:
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claims = json.loads(json_match.group())
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else:
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raise Exception(f"Could not parse JSON from Gemini response: {claims_text[:100]}")
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if isinstance(claims, list):
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valid_claims = [claim for claim in claims if isinstance(claim, str) and claim.strip()]
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logger.info(f"Successfully extracted {len(valid_claims)} claims")
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return valid_claims
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else:
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raise Exception(f"Expected JSON array, got: {type(claims)}")
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Error extracting claims: {str(e)}")
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raise Exception(f"Failed to extract claims: {str(e)}")
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async def _verify_claims_batch(self, claims: List[str]) -> List[Claim]:
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"""
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Verify multiple claims in batch to reduce API calls.
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Args:
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claims: List of claims to verify
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Returns:
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List of Claim objects with verification results
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"""
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try:
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logger.info(f"Starting batch verification of {len(claims)} claims")
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# Limit to maximum 3 claims to prevent excessive API usage
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max_claims = min(len(claims), 3)
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claims_to_verify = claims[:max_claims]
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if len(claims) > max_claims:
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logger.warning(f"Limited verification to {max_claims} claims to prevent API rate limits")
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# Step 1: Search for evidence for all claims in one batch
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all_sources = await self._search_evidence_batch(claims_to_verify)
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# Step 2: Assess all claims against sources in one API call
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verified_claims = await self._assess_claims_batch(claims_to_verify, all_sources)
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# Add any remaining claims as insufficient information
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for i in range(max_claims, len(claims)):
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verified_claims.append(Claim(
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text=claims[i],
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confidence=0.0,
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assessment="insufficient_information",
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supporting_sources=[],
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refuting_sources=[],
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reasoning="Not verified due to API rate limit protection"
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))
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logger.info(f"Batch verification completed for {len(verified_claims)} claims")
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return verified_claims
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Error in batch verification: {str(e)}")
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# Return all claims as insufficient information
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return [
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Claim(
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text=claim,
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confidence=0.0,
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assessment="insufficient_information",
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supporting_sources=[],
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refuting_sources=[],
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reasoning=f"Batch verification failed: {str(e)}"
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)
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for claim in claims
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]
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async def _verify_claim(self, claim: str) -> Claim:
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"""
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Verify a single claim using Exa.ai search.
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Args:
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claim: The claim to verify
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Returns:
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Claim object with verification results
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"""
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try:
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# Search for evidence using Exa.ai
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sources = await self._search_evidence(claim)
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if not sources:
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return Claim(
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text=claim,
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confidence=0.5,
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assessment="insufficient_information",
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supporting_sources=[],
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refuting_sources=[],
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reasoning="No sources found for verification"
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)
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# Verify claim against sources using LLM
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verification_result = await self._assess_claim_against_sources(claim, sources)
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return Claim(
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text=claim,
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confidence=verification_result.get('confidence', 0.5),
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assessment=verification_result.get('assessment', 'insufficient_information'),
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supporting_sources=verification_result.get('supporting_sources', []),
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refuting_sources=verification_result.get('refuting_sources', []),
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reasoning=verification_result.get('reasoning', '')
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)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Error verifying claim '{claim}': {str(e)}")
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return Claim(
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text=claim,
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confidence=0.5,
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assessment="insufficient_information",
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supporting_sources=[],
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refuting_sources=[],
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reasoning=f"Error during verification: {str(e)}"
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)
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async def _search_evidence_batch(self, claims: List[str]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
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"""
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Search for evidence for multiple claims in one API call.
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Args:
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claims: List of claims to search for
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Returns:
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List of sources relevant to the claims
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"""
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try:
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# Combine all claims into one search query
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combined_query = " ".join(claims[:2]) # Use first 2 claims to avoid query length limits
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logger.info(f"Searching for evidence for {len(claims)} claims with combined query")
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# Use the existing search method with combined query
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sources = await self._search_evidence(combined_query)
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# Limit sources to prevent excessive processing
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max_sources = 5
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if len(sources) > max_sources:
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sources = sources[:max_sources]
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logger.info(f"Limited sources to {max_sources} to prevent API rate limits")
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return sources
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Error in batch evidence search: {str(e)}")
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return []
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async def _assess_claims_batch(self, claims: List[str], sources: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> List[Claim]:
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"""
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Assess multiple claims against sources in one API call.
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Args:
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claims: List of claims to assess
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sources: List of sources to assess against
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Returns:
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List of Claim objects with assessment results
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"""
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if not self.gemini_client:
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raise Exception("Gemini client not available. Cannot assess claims without AI provider.")
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try:
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# Limit to 3 claims to prevent excessive API usage
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claims_to_assess = claims[:3]
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# Prepare sources text
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combined_sources = "\n\n".join([
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f"Source {i+1}: {src.get('url','')}\nText: {src.get('text','')[:1000]}"
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for i, src in enumerate(sources)
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])
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# Prepare claims text
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claims_text = "\n".join([
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f"Claim {i+1}: {claim}"
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for i, claim in enumerate(claims_to_assess)
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])
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prompt = (
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"You are a strict fact-checker. Analyze each claim against the provided sources.\n\n"
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"Return ONLY a valid JSON object with this exact structure:\n"
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"{\n"
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' "assessments": [\n'
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' {\n'
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' "claim_index": 0,\n'
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' "assessment": "supported" or "refuted" or "insufficient_information",\n'
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' "confidence": number between 0.0 and 1.0,\n'
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' "supporting_sources": [array of source indices that support the claim],\n'
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' "refuting_sources": [array of source indices that refute the claim],\n'
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' "reasoning": "brief explanation of your assessment"\n'
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' }\n'
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' ]\n'
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"}\n\n"
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f"Claims to verify:\n{claims_text}\n\n"
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f"Sources:\n{combined_sources}\n\n"
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"Return only the JSON object:"
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)
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
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resp = await loop.run_in_executor(executor, lambda: self.gemini_client.models.generate_content(
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model="gemini-1.5-flash",
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contents=prompt
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))
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if not resp or not resp.text:
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raise Exception("Empty response from Gemini API for batch assessment")
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result_text = resp.text.strip()
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logger.info(f"Raw Gemini response for batch assessment: {result_text[:200]}...")
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# Try to extract JSON from the response
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try:
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result = json.loads(result_text)
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except json.JSONDecodeError:
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# Try to find JSON object in the response (handle markdown code blocks)
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import re
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code_block_match = re.search(r'```(?:json)?\s*(\{.*?\})\s*```', result_text, re.DOTALL)
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if code_block_match:
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result = json.loads(code_block_match.group(1))
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else:
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json_match = re.search(r'\{.*?\}', result_text, re.DOTALL)
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if json_match:
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result = json.loads(json_match.group())
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else:
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raise Exception(f"Could not parse JSON from Gemini response: {result_text[:100]}")
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# Process assessments
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assessments = result.get('assessments', [])
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verified_claims = []
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for i, claim in enumerate(claims_to_assess):
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# Find assessment for this claim
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assessment = None
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for a in assessments:
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if a.get('claim_index') == i:
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assessment = a
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break
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if assessment:
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# Process supporting and refuting sources
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supporting_sources = []
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refuting_sources = []
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if isinstance(assessment.get('supporting_sources'), list):
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for idx in assessment['supporting_sources']:
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if isinstance(idx, int) and 0 <= idx < len(sources):
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supporting_sources.append(sources[idx])
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if isinstance(assessment.get('refuting_sources'), list):
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for idx in assessment['refuting_sources']:
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if isinstance(idx, int) and 0 <= idx < len(sources):
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refuting_sources.append(sources[idx])
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verified_claims.append(Claim(
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text=claim,
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confidence=float(assessment.get('confidence', 0.5)),
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assessment=assessment.get('assessment', 'insufficient_information'),
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supporting_sources=supporting_sources,
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refuting_sources=refuting_sources,
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reasoning=assessment.get('reasoning', '')
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))
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else:
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# No assessment found for this claim
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verified_claims.append(Claim(
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text=claim,
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confidence=0.0,
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assessment="insufficient_information",
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supporting_sources=[],
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refuting_sources=[],
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reasoning="No assessment provided"
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))
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logger.info(f"Successfully assessed {len(verified_claims)} claims in batch")
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return verified_claims
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Error in batch assessment: {str(e)}")
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# Return all claims as insufficient information
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|
return [
|
|
Claim(
|
|
text=claim,
|
|
confidence=0.0,
|
|
assessment="insufficient_information",
|
|
supporting_sources=[],
|
|
refuting_sources=[],
|
|
reasoning=f"Batch assessment failed: {str(e)}"
|
|
)
|
|
for claim in claims_to_assess
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
async def _search_evidence(self, claim: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
|
|
"""
|
|
Search for evidence using Exa.ai API.
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
claim: The claim to search evidence for
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
List of source documents with evidence
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self.exa_api_key:
|
|
raise Exception("Exa API key not available. Cannot search for evidence without Exa.ai access.")
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
headers = {
|
|
'x-api-key': self.exa_api_key,
|
|
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
payload = {
|
|
'query': claim,
|
|
'numResults': 5,
|
|
'text': True,
|
|
'useAutoprompt': True
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
response = requests.post(
|
|
'https://api.exa.ai/search',
|
|
headers=headers,
|
|
json=payload,
|
|
timeout=15
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if response.status_code == 200:
|
|
data = response.json()
|
|
results = data.get('results', [])
|
|
|
|
if not results:
|
|
raise Exception(f"No search results found for claim: {claim}")
|
|
|
|
sources = []
|
|
for result in results:
|
|
source = {
|
|
'title': result.get('title', 'Untitled'),
|
|
'url': result.get('url', ''),
|
|
'text': result.get('text', ''),
|
|
'publishedDate': result.get('publishedDate', ''),
|
|
'author': result.get('author', ''),
|
|
'score': result.get('score', 0.5)
|
|
}
|
|
sources.append(source)
|
|
|
|
logger.info(f"Found {len(sources)} sources for claim: {claim[:50]}...")
|
|
return sources
|
|
else:
|
|
raise Exception(f"Exa API error: {response.status_code} - {response.text}")
|
|
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.error(f"Error searching evidence with Exa: {str(e)}")
|
|
raise Exception(f"Failed to search evidence: {str(e)}")
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _assess_claim_against_sources(self, claim: str, sources: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
|
"""
|
|
Assess whether sources support or refute the claim using LLM.
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
claim: The claim to assess
|
|
sources: List of source documents
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
Dictionary with assessment results
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self.gemini_client:
|
|
raise Exception("Gemini client not available. Cannot assess claims without AI provider.")
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
combined_sources = "\n\n".join([
|
|
f"Source {i+1}: {src.get('url','')}\nText: {src.get('text','')[:2000]}"
|
|
for i, src in enumerate(sources)
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
prompt = (
|
|
"You are a strict fact-checker. Analyze the claim against the provided sources.\n\n"
|
|
"Return ONLY a valid JSON object with this exact structure:\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
' "assessment": "supported" or "refuted" or "insufficient_information",\n'
|
|
' "confidence": number between 0.0 and 1.0,\n'
|
|
' "supporting_sources": [array of source indices that support the claim],\n'
|
|
' "refuting_sources": [array of source indices that refute the claim],\n'
|
|
' "reasoning": "brief explanation of your assessment"\n'
|
|
"}\n\n"
|
|
f"Claim to verify: {claim}\n\n"
|
|
f"Sources:\n{combined_sources}\n\n"
|
|
"Return only the JSON object:"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
|
|
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
|
|
resp = await loop.run_in_executor(executor, lambda: self.gemini_client.models.generate_content(
|
|
model="gemini-1.5-flash",
|
|
contents=prompt
|
|
))
|
|
|
|
if not resp or not resp.text:
|
|
raise Exception("Empty response from Gemini API for claim assessment")
|
|
|
|
result_text = resp.text.strip()
|
|
logger.info(f"Raw Gemini response for assessment: {result_text[:200]}...")
|
|
|
|
# Try to extract JSON from the response
|
|
try:
|
|
result = json.loads(result_text)
|
|
except json.JSONDecodeError:
|
|
# Try to find JSON object in the response (handle markdown code blocks)
|
|
import re
|
|
# First try to extract from markdown code blocks
|
|
code_block_match = re.search(r'```(?:json)?\s*(\{.*?\})\s*```', result_text, re.DOTALL)
|
|
if code_block_match:
|
|
result = json.loads(code_block_match.group(1))
|
|
else:
|
|
# Try to find JSON object directly
|
|
json_match = re.search(r'\{.*?\}', result_text, re.DOTALL)
|
|
if json_match:
|
|
result = json.loads(json_match.group())
|
|
else:
|
|
raise Exception(f"Could not parse JSON from Gemini response: {result_text[:100]}")
|
|
|
|
# Validate required fields
|
|
required_fields = ['assessment', 'confidence', 'supporting_sources', 'refuting_sources', 'reasoning']
|
|
for field in required_fields:
|
|
if field not in result:
|
|
raise Exception(f"Missing required field '{field}' in assessment response")
|
|
|
|
# Process supporting and refuting sources
|
|
supporting_sources = []
|
|
refuting_sources = []
|
|
|
|
if isinstance(result.get('supporting_sources'), list):
|
|
for idx in result['supporting_sources']:
|
|
if isinstance(idx, int) and 0 <= idx < len(sources):
|
|
supporting_sources.append(sources[idx])
|
|
|
|
if isinstance(result.get('refuting_sources'), list):
|
|
for idx in result['refuting_sources']:
|
|
if isinstance(idx, int) and 0 <= idx < len(sources):
|
|
refuting_sources.append(sources[idx])
|
|
|
|
# Validate assessment value
|
|
valid_assessments = ['supported', 'refuted', 'insufficient_information']
|
|
if result['assessment'] not in valid_assessments:
|
|
raise Exception(f"Invalid assessment value: {result['assessment']}")
|
|
|
|
# Validate confidence value
|
|
confidence = float(result['confidence'])
|
|
if not (0.0 <= confidence <= 1.0):
|
|
raise Exception(f"Invalid confidence value: {confidence}")
|
|
|
|
logger.info(f"Successfully assessed claim: {result['assessment']} (confidence: {confidence})")
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
'assessment': result['assessment'],
|
|
'confidence': confidence,
|
|
'supporting_sources': supporting_sources,
|
|
'refuting_sources': refuting_sources,
|
|
'reasoning': result['reasoning']
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.error(f"Error assessing claim against sources: {str(e)}")
|
|
raise Exception(f"Failed to assess claim: {str(e)}")
|
|
|