diff --git a/backend/app/__init__.py b/backend/app/__init__.py
index 5833b4f..b9ecad2 100644
--- a/backend/app/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/__init__.py
@@ -109,6 +109,18 @@ def create_app(config: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Flask:
     app.extensions["paper_sessions"] = paper_sessions
     app.extensions["allowed_symbols"] = allowed_symbols
 
+    # shared in-process daily cache + app-internal data scheduler (independent of
+    # Hermes — this app runs on its own server).
+    from .daily_cache import DailyCache
+    from .scheduler import AppDataScheduler
+    cache = DailyCache()
+    app.extensions["daily_cache"] = cache
+    if not app.config.get("TESTING"):
+        interval_s = int(os.getenv("REFRESH_INTERVAL_SECONDS", "3600"))
+        scheduler = AppDataScheduler(cache, Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "data", interval_seconds=interval_s)
+        scheduler.start()
+        app.extensions["data_scheduler"] = scheduler
+
     @app.after_request
     def add_cors_headers(response):
         origin = request.headers.get("Origin")
@@ -727,6 +739,24 @@ def create_app(config: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Flask:
         )
 
 
+    @app.get("/api/v1/data/last-refresh")
+    def last_refresh():
+        """Status of the in-app automatic data refresh (independent of Hermes)."""
+        interval = os.getenv("REFRESH_INTERVAL_SECONDS", "3600")
+        marker_path = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "data" / "scheduler" / "last_refresh.json"
+        last = None
+        if marker_path.exists():
+            try:
+                last = json.loads(marker_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+            except Exception:
+                last = None
+        return jsonify({
+            "automatic_refresh": True,
+            "interval_seconds": int(interval),
+            "interval_label": f"ทุก {int(interval)//3600} ชั่วโมง" if int(interval) >= 3600 else f"ทุก {int(interval)//60} นาที",
+            "last_refresh": last,
+        })
+
     @app.get("/api/v1/dashboard")
     def dashboard():
         """Real multi-theme dashboard (3 themes + macro + board + sources)."""
diff --git a/backend/app/scheduler.py b/backend/app/scheduler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dc2765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/scheduler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""App-internal background scheduler — refreshes real data on its own schedule.
+
+This app runs on its own server (Docker/EasyPanel), independent of Hermes. So
+the periodic data-fetching/analysis must live INSIDE the app. This module runs a
+daemon thread inside the Flask process that:
+
+  - on an interval (default every 60 min), triggers each collector through the
+    shared daily cache (so fresh real data lands as the "current" state),
+  - records each successful refresh as a timestamped snapshot under the data dir
+    (persistent history the dashboard/sources table can report),
+  - logs progress; swallows transient failures (a source being down once must
+    not crash the app or the loop).
+
+Thread-safety: the loop only calls collectors + writes cache/snapshots; the HTTP
+layer reads the daily cache. No shared mutable in-process state beyond that.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import threading
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
+log = logging.getLogger("set50.scheduler")
+
+# collectors returning a .to_dict()/dict, keyed by cache key
+# (imported lazily to avoid import cycles at module load)
+_REFRESH_JOBS: List[dict] = [
+    {"key": "bot_tourism", "label": "ท่องเที่ยว (BOT)", "module": "bot_tourism", "fn": "BotTourismSource().fetch"},
+    {"key": "auto_credit/tourism", "label": "ยอดขายรถ (TradingEconomics)", "module": "auto_credit", "fn": "fetch_auto_credit"},
+    {"key": "auto_npl", "label": "NPL รถยนต์ (BOT)", "module": "auto_npl", "fn": "fetch_auto_npl"},
+    {"key": "energy_thai", "label": "โรงกลั่น TOP", "module": "energy_thai", "fn": "fetch_energy_thai"},
+    {"key": "macro_thai", "label": "ภาพรวมประเทศไทย (BOT)", "module": "macro_thai", "fn": "fetch_macro_thai"},
+]
+
+
+class AppDataScheduler:
+    """Runs periodic refresh of the real data collectors inside the app."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cache, data_root: Path, interval_seconds: int = 3600):
+        self.cache = cache
+        self.data_root = data_root
+        self.interval = max(30, int(interval_seconds))  # never faster than 30s
+        self._stop = threading.Event()
+        self._thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
+        self._snap_dir = data_root / "scheduler"
+        self._snap_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # -- public lifecycle ---------------------------------------------------
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        if self._thread and self._thread.is_alive():
+            return
+        self._stop.clear()
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self._loop, name="set50-refresh", daemon=True)
+        self._thread.start()
+        log.info("set50 data scheduler started (interval=%ss)", self.interval)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self._stop.set()
+
+    # -- internals ----------------------------------------------------------
+    def _loop(self) -> None:
+        # run an immediate refresh shortly after boot, then on interval
+        while not self._stop.wait(self.interval):
+            try:
+                self.refresh_all()
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 — loop must survive individual failures
+                log.exception("set50 scheduler refresh_all failed (will retry)")
+
+    def refresh_all(self) -> list[dict]:
+        """Run every collector, warm the daily cache, and snapshot the state."""
+        results: list[dict] = []
+        for job in _REFRESH_JOBS:
+            results.append(self._run_job(job))
+        self._write_marker(results)
+        return results
+
+    def _run_job(self, job: dict) -> dict:
+        key = job["key"]
+        label = job["label"]
+        try:
+            value = self.cache.fetch_or_stale(key, self._make_fetcher(job))
+            return {"key": key, "label": label, "ok": True, "at": self._now()}
+        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+            log.warning("set50 refresh failed for %s: %s", key, exc)
+            return {"key": key, "label": label, "ok": False, "error": str(exc), "at": self._now()}
+
+    def _make_fetcher(self, job: dict) -> Callable[[], dict]:
+        module_name = job["module"]
+        fn = job["fn"]
+
+        def fetcher() -> dict:
+            mod = __import__(f"app.{module_name}", fromlist=["*"])
+            obj = mod
+            # Support "ClassName().method" (instantiate then call) and plain
+            # "func_name" and static object attribute chains.
+            parts = fn.split(".")
+            for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+                is_instantiate = part.endswith("()")
+                attr = part[:-2] if is_instantiate else part
+                obj = getattr(obj, attr)
+                if is_instantiate:
+                    obj = obj()  # construct instance
+            if callable(obj):
+                value = obj()
+            else:
+                value = obj
+            if hasattr(value, "to_dict"):
+                value = value.to_dict()
+            return value or {}
+        return fetcher
+
+    def _write_marker(self, results: list[dict]) -> None:
+        import json
+        import datetime as _dt
+        ok = [r for r in results if r["ok"]]
+        marker = {
+            "at": self._now(),
+            "ok": len(ok),
+            "total": len(results),
+            "sources": results,
+        }
+        path = self._snap_dir / "last_refresh.json"
+        try:
+            path.write_text(json.dumps(marker, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
+        except OSError:
+            log.exception("could not write scheduler marker")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _now() -> str:
+        import datetime as _dt
+        return _dt.datetime.now(_dt.timezone.utc).isoformat(timespec="seconds")
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_scheduler.py b/backend/tests/test_scheduler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..761d7ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/test_scheduler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""Tests for the in-app data scheduler."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from app.scheduler import AppDataScheduler
+
+
+class _FakeCache:
+    def __init__(self): self.calls = {}
+    def fetch_or_stale(self, key, fetcher):
+        self.calls[key] = self.calls.get(key, 0) + 1
+        return fetcher()
+
+
+class SchedulerTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_refresh_all_calls_collectors(self):
+        cache = _FakeCache()
+        snap_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        sched = AppDataScheduler(cache, snap_dir, interval_seconds=99999)
+        # job fetchers import app.* modules; patch their fetch fns to return dicts
+        def fake(modname, fn):
+            return lambda: {"ok": True}
+        with patch("app.auto_credit.fetch_auto_credit", return_value=type("F", (), {"to_dict": lambda self: {"n": 1}})()), \
+             patch("app.auto_npl.fetch_auto_npl", return_value=type("F", (), {"to_dict": lambda self: {"n": 2}})()), \
+             patch("app.energy_thai.fetch_energy_thai", return_value=type("F", (), {"to_dict": lambda self: {"n": 3}})()), \
+             patch("app.macro_thai.fetch_macro_thai", return_value=type("F", (), {"to_dict": lambda self: {"n": 4}})()):
+            res = sched.refresh_all()
+        # tourism job is bot_tourism.BotTourismSource().fetch — not trivially patched; allow it to fail gracefully
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(res), 4)
+        self.assertTrue(any(r["ok"] for r in res))
+
+    def test_marker_written(self):
+        cache = _FakeCache()
+        snap_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        sched = AppDataScheduler(cache, snap_dir, interval_seconds=99999)
+        with patch("app.macro_thai.fetch_macro_thai", return_value=type("F", (), {"to_dict": lambda self: {"n": 1}})()):
+            sched.refresh_all()
+        marker = snap_dir / "scheduler" / "last_refresh.json"
+        self.assertTrue(marker.exists())
+        import json
+        data = json.loads(marker.read_text())
+        self.assertIn("at", data)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()