set50-system/backend/app/simulation.py

"""Capital-allocation simulation/backtest engine.

Reusable for both backtest (historical) and forward test (paper, no MT5 send) —
the user asked these share one engine, differing only in whether an MT5 order is
dispatched. Pure local research; never sends a real order.

Allocation rules (confirmed by the user, 2026-08-25):

  Bucket 1 (50% of capital) : highest "profit-opportunity" score that pays a dividend
  Bucket 2 (20% of capital) : highest "profit-opportunity" score that does NOT pay a dividend
  Bucket 3 (30% of capital) : highest dividend yield among names NOT already bought in bucket 1 (ignores score)

Per symbol a minimum of 100 shares; rank candidates by combined score descending.
If a bucket's first pick can't afford 100 shares, try progressively cheaper eligible
names; if none fits, leave the remainder as cash.

The engine is honest about data provenance: it runs on *revised vendor history*
(non-PIT), so output must be labeled paper/backtest, never validated PIT evidence.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import json
import math
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional

_PRICES_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "data" / "prices"
MIN_SHARES = 100


class SimulationError(Exception):
    """Raised for invalid capital / allocation inputs."""


@dataclass
class Candidate:
    symbol: str
    price: float
    combined_score: float
    is_dividend: bool
    dividend_yield: float


@dataclass
class Order:
    symbol: str
    bucket: int
    qty: int
    price: float
    notional: float


@dataclass
class AllocationResult:
    capital: float
    bucket_allocation: dict = field(default_factory=dict)  # {1: amount, 2:..., 3:...}
    orders: list = field(default_factory=list)
    invested: float = 0.0
    unallocated_cash: float = 0.0
    bucket_notional: dict = field(default_factory=dict)  # {1: notional, ...}

    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
        return {
            "capital": self.capital,
            "buckets": self.bucket_allocation,
            "orders": [o.__dict__ for o in self.orders],
            "invested": round(self.invested, 2),
            "unallocated_cash": round(self.unallocated_cash, 2),
            "bucket_notional": self.bucket_notional,
        }


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# B1: price-series loader
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def load_price_snapshot(snapshot_path: Optional[Path] = None) -> dict:
    """Load the newest Yahoo price snapshot: {symbol: {bars: [...]}}."""
    if snapshot_path is None:
        snap_dir = _PRICES_DIR / "snapshots"
        files = sorted(snap_dir.glob("prices-yahoo-chart-*.json"))
        if not files:
            raise SimulationError("no Yahoo price snapshot found on disk")
        snapshot_path = files[-1]
    data = json.loads(snapshot_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
    return data.get("series", {})


def latest_prices(series: dict) -> dict[str, float]:
    """Latest adjusted_close per symbol from the price series."""
    out: dict[str, float] = {}
    for sym, s in series.items():
        bars = s.get("bars", [])
        if bars:
            out[sym] = float(bars[-1]["adjusted_close"])
    return out


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# B2: capital allocation core
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def allocate_capital(
    capital: float,
    candidates: list[Candidate],
    bucket_b1: float = 0.50,
    bucket_b2: float = 0.20,
    bucket_b3: float = 0.30,
) -> AllocationResult:
    """Allocate `capital` across the three dividend/profit buckets."""
    if capital <= 0:
        raise SimulationError("capital must be > 0")
    if not candidates:
        raise SimulationError("no candidates to allocate")

    # sort all by combined_score desc (used for bucket 1 & 2 ranking)
    by_score = sorted(candidates, key=lambda c: -c.combined_score)
    # bucket 3 ranked by dividend yield desc among dividend payers
    by_yield = sorted(
        (c for c in candidates if c.is_dividend and c.dividend_yield > 0),
        key=lambda c: -c.dividend_yield,
    )

    b1_amount = capital * bucket_b1
    b2_amount = capital * bucket_b2
    b3_amount = capital * bucket_b3

    result = AllocationResult(
        capital=capital,
        bucket_allocation={1: b1_amount, 2: b2_amount, 3: b3_amount},
    )
    cash = [b1_amount, b2_amount, b3_amount]  # per-bucket remaining

    used = set()

    def _fill(bucket_idx: int, eligible: list[Candidate], require_dividend: bool):
        nonlocal cash, used
        remaining = cash[bucket_idx]
        for cand in sorted(eligible, key=lambda c: -c.combined_score):
            if cand.symbol in used:
                continue
            if require_dividend and not cand.is_dividend:
                continue
            if cand.price <= 0:
                continue
            # max shares affordable within this bucket, floor to 100-share lots
            max_qty = int(remaining // cand.price)
            qty = (max_qty // MIN_SHARES) * MIN_SHARES
            if qty < MIN_SHARES:
                continue  # can't afford minimum; try cheaper name
            notional = qty * cand.price
            result.orders.append(
                Order(cand.symbol, bucket_idx + 1, qty, cand.price, notional)
            )
            remaining -= notional
            used.add(cand.symbol)
            result.invested += notional
        cash[bucket_idx] = remaining
        result.bucket_notional[bucket_idx + 1] = b_st = (
            result.bucket_allocation[bucket_idx + 1] - remaining
        )

    # Bucket 1: dividend-paying, highest score
    _fill(0, [c for c in by_score if c.is_dividend], require_dividend=True)
    # Bucket 2: non-dividend, highest score
    _fill(1, [c for c in by_score if not c.is_dividend], require_dividend=False)
    # Bucket 3: highest dividend yield, excluding symbols already bought
    _fill(2, by_yield, require_dividend=True)

    result.unallocated_cash = sum(cash)
    return result