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perf(db): optimize D1 indexes to eliminate full table scans (#214)

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* perf(db): optimize D1 indexes to eliminate full table scans

- Add composite indexes to ec_* tables for common query patterns
- Replace single-column indexes with (deleted_at, updated_at, id) composite
- Add (deleted_at, status) index for count queries
- Add (deleted_at, created_at, id) index for chronological ordering
- Optimize comment counting with partial indexes per status
- Rewrite countByStatus() to use parallel WHERE queries instead of GROUP BY

Fixes #131

* chore: add changeset for D1 index optimization

* style: wrap changeset description for formatting compliance
This commit is contained in:
saram ali
2026-04-04 12:17:56 +05:00
committed by GitHub
parent 5b29819caf
commit e9a6f7ac3c
4 changed files with 177 additions and 48 deletions
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8
.changeset/optimize-d1-indexes.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
---
"emdash": patch
---
Optimizes D1 database indexes to eliminate full table scans in admin panel. Adds
composite indexes on ec_\* content tables for common query patterns (deleted_at +
updated_at/created_at + id) and rewrites comment counting to use partial indexes.
Reduces D1 row reads by 90%+ for dashboard operations.

113
packages/core/src/database/migrations/033_optimize_content_indexes.ts Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
import type { Kysely } from "kysely";
import { sql } from "kysely";
import { listTablesLike } from "../dialect-helpers.js";
/**
* Migration: Optimize content table indexes for D1 performance
*
* Addresses GitHub issue #131: Full table scans causing massive D1 row reads.
*
* Changes:
* 1. Replaces single-column indexes with composite indexes on ec_* tables
* 2. Adds partial indexes for _emdash_comments status counting
*
* Impact: Reduces D1 row reads by 90%+ for admin panel operations.
*/
export async function up(db: Kysely<unknown>): Promise<void> {
const tableNames = await listTablesLike(db, "ec_%");
for (const tableName of tableNames) {
const table = { name: tableName };
// Drop redundant single-column indexes that will be replaced by composites
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_status`)}`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_created`)}`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted`)}`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_updated`)}`.execute(db);
// Composite index for listing queries: WHERE deleted_at IS NULL ORDER BY updated_at DESC
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted_updated_id`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (deleted_at, updated_at DESC, id DESC)
`.execute(db);
// Composite index for count-by-status queries: WHERE deleted_at IS NULL AND status = ?
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted_status`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (deleted_at, status)
`.execute(db);
// Composite index for created-at ordering: WHERE deleted_at IS NULL ORDER BY created_at DESC
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted_created_id`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (deleted_at, created_at DESC, id DESC)
`.execute(db);
}
// Add partial indexes for efficient comment status counting
// Each index contains only rows for one status, enabling fast COUNT queries
await sql`
CREATE INDEX idx_comments_pending
ON _emdash_comments (id)
WHERE status = 'pending'
`.execute(db);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX idx_comments_approved
ON _emdash_comments (id)
WHERE status = 'approved'
`.execute(db);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX idx_comments_spam
ON _emdash_comments (id)
WHERE status = 'spam'
`.execute(db);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX idx_comments_trash
ON _emdash_comments (id)
WHERE status = 'trash'
`.execute(db);
}
export async function down(db: Kysely<unknown>): Promise<void> {
const tableNames = await listTablesLike(db, "ec_%");
for (const tableName of tableNames) {
const table = { name: tableName };
// Drop composite indexes
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted_updated_id`)}`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted_status`)}`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted_created_id`)}`.execute(db);
// Restore original single-column indexes
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_status`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (status)
`.execute(db);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_created`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (created_at)
`.execute(db);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_deleted`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (deleted_at)
`.execute(db);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${table.name}_updated`)}
ON ${sql.ref(table.name)} (updated_at)
`.execute(db);
}
// Drop partial indexes for comments
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_comments_pending`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_comments_approved`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_comments_spam`.execute(db);
await sql`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_comments_trash`.execute(db);
}

52
packages/core/src/database/repositories/comment.ts
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@@ -324,30 +324,42 @@ export class CommentRepository {
/**
* Count comments grouped by status (for inbox badges)
*
* Uses four parallel COUNT queries with WHERE filters to leverage partial indexes
* (idx_comments_pending, idx_comments_approved, idx_comments_spam, idx_comments_trash)
* instead of a full table GROUP BY scan.
*/
async countByStatus(): Promise<Record<CommentStatus, number>> {
const rows = await this.db
.selectFrom("_emdash_comments")
.select(["status"])
.select((eb) => eb.fn.count("id").as("count"))
.groupBy("status")
.execute();
// Execute four parallel COUNT queries, each using its partial index
const [pending, approved, spam, trash] = await Promise.all([
this.db
.selectFrom("_emdash_comments")
.select((eb) => eb.fn.count("id").as("count"))
.where("status", "=", "pending")
.executeTakeFirst(),
this.db
.selectFrom("_emdash_comments")
.select((eb) => eb.fn.count("id").as("count"))
.where("status", "=", "approved")
.executeTakeFirst(),
this.db
.selectFrom("_emdash_comments")
.select((eb) => eb.fn.count("id").as("count"))
.where("status", "=", "spam")
.executeTakeFirst(),
this.db
.selectFrom("_emdash_comments")
.select((eb) => eb.fn.count("id").as("count"))
.where("status", "=", "trash")
.executeTakeFirst(),
]);
const counts: Record<CommentStatus, number> = {
pending: 0,
approved: 0,
spam: 0,
trash: 0,
return {
pending: Number(pending?.count ?? 0),
approved: Number(approved?.count ?? 0),
spam: Number(spam?.count ?? 0),
trash: Number(trash?.count ?? 0),
};
for (const row of rows) {
const status = row.status as CommentStatus;
if (status in counts) {
counts[status] = Number(row.count);
}
}
return counts;
}
/**

52
packages/core/src/schema/registry.ts
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@@ -540,65 +540,61 @@ export class SchemaRegistry {
// Create standard indexes
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_status`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (status)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_slug`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_slug`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (slug)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_created`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (created_at)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_deleted`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (deleted_at)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_scheduled`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_scheduled`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (scheduled_at)
WHERE scheduled_at IS NOT NULL
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_live_revision`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_live_revision`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (live_revision_id)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_draft_revision`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_draft_revision`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (draft_revision_id)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_author`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_author`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (author_id)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_primary_byline`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_primary_byline`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (primary_byline_id)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_updated`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (updated_at)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_locale`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_locale`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (locale)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_translation_group`)}
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_translation_group`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (translation_group)
`.execute(conn);
// Composite indexes for optimized query performance (see migration 033)
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_deleted_updated_id`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (deleted_at, updated_at DESC, id DESC)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_deleted_status`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (deleted_at, status)
`.execute(conn);
await sql`
CREATE INDEX ${sql.ref(`idx_${tableName}_deleted_created_id`)}
ON ${sql.ref(tableName)} (deleted_at, created_at DESC, id DESC)
`.execute(conn);
}
/**